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Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle, DL (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930) was a Scottish author most noted for his stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, which are generally considered a major innovation in the field of crime fiction, and for the adventures of Professor Challenger. He was a prolific writer whose other works include science fiction stories, historical novels, plays and romances, poetry, and non-fiction.
Arthur Conan Doyle was born on 22 May 1859, in Edinburgh, Scotland, to an English father, Charles Altamont Doyle, and an Irish mother, née Mary Foley, who had married in 1855.[1] Although he is now referred to as "Conan Doyle", the origin of this compound surname is uncertain.[2] Conan Doyle's father was an artist, as were his paternal uncles (one of whom was Richard Doyle), and his paternal grandfather John Doyle.
Conan Doyle was sent to the Roman Catholic Jesuit preparatory school Hodder Place, Stonyhurst, at the age of eight. He then went on to Stonyhurst College, but by the time he left the school in 1875, he had rejected Christianity to become an agnostic.
From 1876 to 1881 he studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh, including a period working in the town of Aston (now a district of Birmingham). While studying, he also began writing short stories; his first published story appeared in Chambers's Edinburgh Journal before he was 20.[3] Following his term at university, he served as a ship's doctor on a voyage to the West African coast. He completed his doctorate on the subject of tabes dorsalis in 1885.[4]
In 1882, he joined former classmate George Budd as his partner at a medical practice in Plymouth, but their relationship proved difficult, and Conan Doyle soon left to set up an independent practice.[5] Arriving in Portsmouth in June of that year with less than £10 to his name, he set up a medical practice at 1 Bush Villas in Elm Grove, Southsea.[6] The practice was initially not very successful; while waiting for patients, he again began writing stories. His first significant work was A Study in Scarlet, which appeared in Beeton's Christmas Annual for 1887 and featured the first appearance of Sherlock Holmes, who was partially modelled after his former university professor, Joseph Bell. Future short stories featuring Sherlock Holmes were published in the English Strand Magazine. Interestingly, Rudyard Kipling congratulated Conan Doyle on his success, asking "Could this be my old friend, Dr. Joe?" Sherlock Holmes, however, was even more closely modelled after the famous Edgar Allan Poe character, C. Auguste Dupin.[7]
While living in Southsea he played football for an amateur side, Portsmouth Association Football Club, as a goalkeeper. (This club disbanded in 14 and had no connection with the Portsmouth F.C. of today, which was founded in 18.) Conan Doyle was also a keen cricketer, and between 1900 and 1907 he played 10 first-class matches for the MCC. His highest score was 43 against London County in 1902. He was an occasional bowler who took just one first-class wicket.
In 1885, he married Louisa (or Louise) Hawkins, known as "Touie", who suffered from tuberculosis and died on 4 July 1906.[8] He married Jean Leckie in 1907, whom he had first met and fallen in love with in 17 but had maintained a platonic relationship with her out of loyalty to his first wife. Conan Doyle had five children, two with his first wife (Mary Louise (born 18) and Alleyne Kingsley (12 – 1918)) and three with his second wife (Jean Lena Annette, Denis Percy Stewart (17 March 1909 – 9 March 1955), second husband in 1936 of Georgian Princess Nina Mdivani (circa 1910 – 19 February 1987) (former sister-in-law of Barbara Hutton), and Adrian Malcolm).
In 10, Conan Doyle studied the eye in Vienna; he moved to London in 11 to set up a practice as an ophthalmologist. He wrote in his autobiography that not a single patient crossed his door. This gave him more time for writing, and in November 11 he wrote to his mother: "I think of slaying Holmes... and winding him up for good and all. He takes my mind from better things." His mother responded, saying, "You may do what you deem fit, but the crowds will not take this lightheartedly." In December 13, he did so in order to dedicate more of his time to more "important" works (his historical novels).
Holmes and Moriarty apparently plunged to their deaths together down a waterfall in the story, "The Final Problem". Public outcry led him to bring the character back; Conan Doyle returned to the story in "The Adventure of the Empty House", with the explanation that only Moriarty had fallen but, since Holmes had other dangerous enemies, he had arranged to be temporarily "dead" also. Holmes ultimately appears in a total of 56 short stories and four Conan Doyle novels (he has since appeared in many novels and stories by other authors).
Following the Boer War in South Africa at the turn of the 20th century and the condemnation from around the world over the United Kingdom's conct, Conan Doyle wrote a short pamphlet titled, The War in South Africa: Its Cause and Conct, which justified the UK's role in the Boer war, and was widely translated.
Conan Doyle believed that it was this pamphlet that resulted in 1902 in his being knighted and appointed Deputy-Lieutenant of Surrey. He also in 1900 wrote the longer book, The Great Boer War. During the early years of the 20th century, Sir Arthur twice ran for Parliament as a Liberal Unionist, once in Edinburgh and once in the Hawick Burghs, but although he received a respectable vote he was not elected.
Conan Doyle was involved in the campaign for the reform of the Congo Free State, led by the journalist E. D. Morel and the diplomat Roger Casement. He wrote The Crime of the Congo in 1909, a long pamphlet in which he denounced the horrors in that country. He became acquainted with Morel and Casement, taking inspiration from them for two of the main characters in the novel, The Lost World (1912).
He broke with both when Morel became one of the leaders of the pacifist movement ring the First World War, and when Casement committed treason against the UK ring the Easter Rising out of conviction for his Irish nationalist views. Conan Doyle tried, unsuccessfully, to save Casement from the death penalty, arguing that he had been driven mad and was not responsible for his actions.
Conan Doyle was also a fervent advocate of justice, and personally investigated two closed cases, which led to two imprisoned men being released. The first case, in 1906, involved a shy half-British, half-Indian lawyer named George Edalji, who had allegedly penned threatening letters and mutilated animals. Police were set on Edalji's conviction, even though the mutilations continued after their suspect was jailed.
It was partially as a result of this case that the Court of Criminal Appeal was established in 1907, so not only did Conan Doyle help George Edalji, his work helped establish a way to correct other miscarriages of justice. The story of Conan Doyle and Edalji is told in fictional form in Julian Barnes' 2005 novel, Arthur & George.
The second case, that of Oscar Slater, a German Jew and gambling-den operator convicted of bludgeoning an 82-year-old woman in Glasgow in 1908, excited Conan Doyle's curiosity because of inconsistencies in the prosecution case and a general sense that Slater was framed.
After the death of his wife Louisa in 1906, and the deaths of his son Kingsley, his brother Innes, his two brothers-in-law (one of whom was E W Hornung, the creator of the literary character Raffles), and his two nephews shortly after World War I, Conan Doyle sank into depression. He found solace supporting Spiritualism and its alleged scientific proof of existence beyond the grave.
According to the History Channel program Houdini: Unlocking the Mystery (which briefly explored the friendship between the two), Conan Doyle became involved with Spiritualism after the deaths of his son and his brother. Kingsley Doyle died from pneumonia on 28 October 1918, which he contracted ring his convalescence after being seriously wounded ring the 1916 Battle of the Somme. Brigadier-General Innes Doyle died in February 1919, also from pneumonia. Sir Arthur became involved with Spiritualism to the extent that he wrote a Professor Challenger novel on the subject, The Land of Mist.
His book, The Coming of the Fairies (1921) shows he was apparently convinced of the veracity of the Cottingley Fairies photographs, which he reproced in the book, together with theories about the nature and existence of fairies and spirits.
In his The History of Spiritualism (1926) Conan Doyle praised the psychic phenomena and spirit materialisations proced by Eusapia Palladino and Mina "Margery" Crandon.[9]
His work on this topic was one of the reasons that one of his short story collections, The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, was banned in the Soviet Union in 1929 for supposed occultism. This ban was later lifted. Russian actor Vasily Livanov later received an Order of the British Empire for his portrayal of Sherlock Holmes.
Conan Doyle was friends for a time with the American magician Harry Houdini, who himself became a prominent opponent of the Spiritualist movement in the 1920s following the death of his beloved mother. Although Houdini insisted that Spiritualist mediums employed trickery (and consistently attempted to expose them as frauds), Conan Doyle became convinced that Houdini himself possessed supernatural powers, a view expressed in Conan Doyle's The Edge of the Unknown. Houdini was apparently unable to convince Conan Doyle that his feats were simply magic tricks, leading to a bitter public falling out between the two...........
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English novelist, by shaping a successful detective characters - Sherlock Holmes detective stories into the history of one of the most important writers. In addition he has written over the Department of other types of fiction, such as science fiction, historical novels, love stories, drama, poetry and so on.
Conan Doyle in May 1859 AD 22, was born in the northern city of the United Kingdom, the Scottish capital Edinburgh, 9-year-old when Jesus was sent to preparatory school, when he left school in 1875 when McDowell has generated disgust Catholic sentiment, and become a agnostics. From 1876 to 1881 between him to study medicine at Edinburgh University after graation as a board of doctors to the West African coast, in 1882 after returning the opening practice in Plymouth. However, he is not very smooth practice, ring which Doyle began writing. Moved to the city in the South China Sea (Southsea), he began to spend more time in writing. McDowell's first important work is published in the "1887 Christmas Annual" (Beeton's Christmas Annual for 1887) of the detective novel "A Study" (A Study in Scarlet), the novel's protagonist is reputation after The famous Sherlock Holmes.
McDowell in 1885 with Louis Hawkins (Louise Hawkins) to get married, but Hawkins in 1906 died e to tuberculosis. 1907 McDowell勒奇and Jane (Jean Leckie) Miss marriage.
McDowell in 10 to Vienna to study ophthalmology, one year after the return to London to become an ophthalmologist, which makes him more time to writing. In November 11 in a letter addressed to the mother Zhong Dole wrote, "I have taken to kill Sherlock Holmes ... ... get rid of him, resolved once and for all. He took me too much time." In December 13 in the "final case "China, McDowell let Holmes and his sworn enemy, Professor Moriarty莱辛*falls buried together. But the outcome of the novel very dissatisfied with the readers in the "last case" in Sherlock Holmes "dead" after-fu fans very angry, often to his home砸玻璃a class of dry matter. This makes Doyle Sherlock Holmes makes the final re-"Resurrection" in 1903 Doyle published the "empty" so that Holmes survived. McDowell has written a lifetime total of 56 detective novels and short four中篇detective novels, all Sherlock Holmes for the protagonist.
The late 19th century Britain in the Boer War in South Africa has been condemned around the world, to this end McDowell wrote a booklet entitled "War in South Africa: the origin and behavior" (The War in South Africa: Its Cause and Conct) of the booklet, for the British defense. This book has been translated into many languages issue, have a great impact. McDowell believe that it is precisely because of this book so that he was knighted in 1902. McDowell early 20th century two members of Congress to stand for election, but all were not elected.
McDowell himself involved in two interesting cases. One was in 1906, a British-Indian lawyer was accused of sending mixed threatening letters, as well as cruelty to animals. Although the lawyer was arrested after the animals are still being abused, the police insist that the lawyer is found guilty. It is noteworthy that in this case, the United Kingdom in 1907 established the Court of Criminal Appeal. Said Seoul can not only help the lawyers, but also indirectly assisted in the establishment of a complaints mechanism injustice. Another one in 1908, a casino operator's German Jews accused of using the stick with the attack on a 82-year-old woman.
To old age, beginning to believe that McDowell Spiritualism, and even this theme has also written several novels. Arthur Conan Doyle in the year July 7, 1930 death.
[Edit this paragraph] works
Books on Sherlock Holmes
Conan Doyle wrote a total of 60 on the Sherlock Holmes story of 56 short stories and four novels. These stories in 40 years graally resumed in the "Riviera magazine" published, which was then the practice (Charles Dickens, is published in the form of similar novels). The main story took place in 1878 to 1907, the latest is a story in 1914 as the background. Two of these stories is the first Sherlock Holmes written in tone, there are two languages in the third person, while the rest is narrative Watson.
Classic works of Arthur Conan Doyle detective story, "Sherlock Holmes", including "Adventure History" series, "The new Holmes" series, "Memoirs" series, "Return of mind" series, "A Study" "terrorist Valley," "Hound of the Baskervilles", "four signatures."
Conan Doyle wrote in the 29-year-old when the "blood-word study," published the following year. Two years later, Conan Doyle published a "four signatures." From 11 to 14 three years, Conan Doyle has written "La scandals," "red hair will," "the identity of the case", "Bosco Ove secret valley", " the five nuclear orange "," mouth askew men, "" Silver Horse "and other 24 short, and published in book form. By the end of 14, Conan Doyle in the "last case" in allowing Holmes died. In the appeal to readers, he wrote in 1901 in "Hound of the Baskervilles." Conan Doyle wrote in 1903 "empty", so that Holmes risen once again active in the readers. He has also written the "Return of mind", "terrorist Valley", "pay tribute to the final," "new Holmes" and other detective story.
Novelette
A Study (1887)
Four signature (10)
Hound of the Baskervilles (1901-1902)
Terrorist Valley (1914-1915)
Toxic zone
Short Stories
Adventure History (11-12)
Bohemia scandal
Red hair will
Identity case
Peru than in the case of valley博斯科姆
Orange five nuclear
Askew mouth men
Sapphire case
Dot-tape case
Engineers thumb case
Aristocratic bachelor case
Greenstone Crown case
Copper beech case
Memoirs (12-13)
Silver horse
Huang face people
Securities brokers clerk
"Gloria Scott" No. barque (Holmes's first case of oral Holmes, Watson records)
Musgrave ceremony Code (another early case of Sherlock Holmes)
Reigate mystery
Humpback people
Hospital patients
Greek translators (Holmes迈克罗夫特debut; Holmes a brief description of their own family background)
Navy Agreement
Finally, the case (Watson reported the death of Sherlock Holmes)
Return Hutchison (1903-1904)
Empty (Holmes returned)
Norwood architects
Dancer
Unaccompanied rider
Abbey College
Peter Black
Dayton米尔沃
6 Napoleon bust
Three university students
Phnom Penh folder nose glasses
Missing Zhongwei
Grand their manor
The second block blood
Finally, to pay tribute to (1908-1913,1917)
威斯特里亚apartments
Cardboard box
Red circle will
Bruce - Partington plans (迈克罗夫特debut Sherlock Holmes)
Dying detective
Ms. Francesca Fox disappearance
Devil's Foot
Holmes ending white (third-person tone)
New Holmes (1921-1927)
Xiangui the customer
Skin white soldiers
Crown jewel case (third-person tone)
Triangle Hill wall case
Vampire
Three people of same surname
Raytheon bridge mystery
Crawling people
Lion mane (Holmes Readme)
With a veil of tenant
Schoss Cosme Villa
Retired paint maker
Qualcomm伯尔斯Manor tragedy
Cool party member dead
Other writings
Great Boer War (1900)
Lost World (1912)
New Revelation (1918)
Important information (1919)
History of Spiritualism
A disease called Earth (sci-fi)
Mara Kut abyss (science fiction)
[Edit this paragraph] Arthur Conan Doyle memorabilia
Age
Events
1859
Arthur Conan Doyle was born May 22 in Edinburgh, Charles McDowell and玛丽福利second child.
1868
To Hodder, for entry into the schools to prepare Stonyhurst.
Lancashire county into the Jesuit-run public schools
1870
Access to Stonyhurst, a period of five years, good at cricket and literary talent show.
1874
To London's uncle Richard Doyle stay home for some time.
1876
Decided to become a doctor to enter the University of Edinburgh. To see Joseph贝尔博士and Professor Lu Sefu.
1878
Part-time jobs.
1879
Charles McDowell entered a nursing home. September 6, the first novel "The Mysteries of the valley tournament rustle" in the "Indoor magazine" published. September 20, the first non-fiction work "as the root evergreen koumine Poisons" ( 'Gelseminum as a Poison) in the "British Medical Journal" published
1880
Sign in an Arctic whaler fooled doctors; 7 months voyage. Spiritualism began, interest in the supernatural.
1881
Medical degree. Signing in a steamer fooled doctors in West Africa. Almost died because of a fever.
1882
To abandon the Catholic faith. George Budd and medical students to practice in Plymouth. Budd ethics because of dissatisfaction in Plymouth Southsea to start their own clinics.
1884
Started first novel.
1885
And married Louise Hawkins.
1887
The publication of "blood-word research."
18
Daughter Mary Louise was born. The publication of "Micah Clarke", "four signatures."
10
Published a "white columns."
11
Southsea to give up the clinics, to write "The Doings of Raffles Haw". Back in London, in Devonshire Place run clinics. Quickly decided to give up the practice. "Adventure history" began to appear in "Waterfront" magazine.
12
Started skiing. Kingsley-born son.
13
Charles McDowell's death. "Adventure history" and the remainder of the "memoirs" in the "Waterfront" magazine published.
14
Lecture tour in the United States a success. Drama "Waterloo" to complete.
15
In Hindhead bought a piece of land; to Egypt travel. The publication of "Stark Munro Letters".
16
Travel in the Nile. As the United Kingdom - Islamic war correspondent. The publication of "The Exploits of Brigadier Gerard" and "Rodney Stone".
17
Jean Leckie met and love. The publication of "Uncle Bernac".
19
Voluntary military service, were rejected. "A Duet with an Occasional Chorus" publication. By William Gillette stage adaptation starring "Sherlock Holmes" staged in New York in Syracuse.
1900
In South Africa, a field hospital services. Wrote "The Great Boer War"; "The War in South Africa: Its Causes and Conct". As a joint (Unionist) candidate to run in Edinburgh failed. The first Sherlock Holmes film "Sherlock Holmes Baffled" (silent) appears.
1901
The publication of "Hound of the Baskervilles."
1902
By Baron-hoon bit (the British title are: Baron, Viscount, Marquis, Earl, Duke. Baron minimum).
1903
"Return of mind" in the "Waterfront" magazine series. The publication of "Adventures of Gerard"
1906
Once again as the Unity Party (Unionist) candidate, failed. Improved movement to join the Divorce Act. Louise Doyle died. George Edalji case. The publication of "Sir Nigel".
1907
And married Jean Leckie. George Edalji release. "Through the Magic Door" publication.
1909
Write "the evil of the Congo." Denis born son.
1910
Oscar Slater started the case. Son Adrian was born. Drama "Dot scallops case" first staged in London.
1912
Published "Case of Oscar Slater", "lost world." Lena Jean daughter was born.
1913
Publishing "with poison."
1914
Visit to North America, mainly e to the invitation of the Government of Canada. "Dangerous!" Published in "Waterfront," the journal, warning the United Kingdom will be subject to the threat of war. Britain to declare war on Germany. Organization of voluntary forces.
1915
6-volume began to write "British Campaign in France and Flanders". The publication of "terrorist Valley."
1916
Announced towards idealism.
1917
The publication of the "last to pay tribute."
1918
Kingsley son died because of the fighting have been wounded. The publication of a "new revelation."
1919
The death of his brother Innes. The publication of "important news."
1920
Australia publicity idealism.
1921
Mother's death. "Talk idealism" published.
1922
Speech to the United States. Published "Coming of the Fairies".
1923
The return of the United States and Canada. The publication of "our American adventure."
1924
The publication of "We the United States the second adventure," "memories and adventures."
1925
Held in Paris to attend the International Conference idealism.
1926
The publication of "historical idealism", "The Land of Mist"
1927
"The new Holmes" and "Pheneas Speaks" publication.
1928
Travel to South Africa.
1929
Tour Scandinavia, the Netherlands, came back very tired and a heart attack. The publication of "Maracot Deep, Our African Winter".
1930
The publication of "Edge of the Unknown". Died July 7. Sherlock Holmes first radio broadcast in the United States, William Gillette bbing.
In recent years, some people will be forged Piltdown people point to the Arthur Conan Doyle, but most people think is not credible.
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Note: This commentary Sherlock Holmes memorabilia from the author Leslie S. Klinger finishing. Sherlock Holmes and Watson in part mainly based on the William S. Baring-Gould's "Sherlock Holmes of Baker Street" (1962), not because of some details of Conan Doyle's works. Year listed only some of the major study of Sherlock Holmes authorized, but not all, some are still large differences, for reference purposes only, playing the "*" that is not very precise. (Ellry compiler)
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时间：2023-10-06 05:29
Arthur Conan Doyle, the son of Charles Doyle and Mary Foley, was born in Edinburgh on 22nd May 1859. Arthur's father was an alcoholic and the family was always short of money. At school, Arthur developed a strong interest in the books written by Sir Walter Scott and Edgar Allan Poe.
Conan Doyle studied at Edinburgh University and helped to fund his course by working as a surgeon on Hope, a 400 ton whaler on a seven month voyage to the Arctic. The following year he worked on Mayumba, a passenger ship bound for West Africa. On this voyage Conan Doyle nearly died of typhoid.
On his return, Conan Doyle set up as a doctor in Southsea, a suburb of Portsmouth. With very few patients, Conan Doyle attempted to make money by writing detective stories. His main character, Sherlock Holmes, was based on Dr. Joseph Bell, a surgeon and criminal psychologist, who lectured at Edinburgh Infirmary.
In 11 Conan Doyle published six Sherlock Holmes stories in the Strand Magazine. The following year he was paid ￡1,000 for a whole series on Sherlock Holmes. Conan Doyle really wanted to write historical novels like his hero, Sir Walter Scott, and in 13 decided to kill off Sherlock Holmes in the story, The Final Problem. However, after coming under considerable pressure from his fans, he returned to write his best known detective story, The Hound of the Baskervilles (1902).
Conan Doyle served as a doctor in the Boer War (19-1902) and wrote The War in South Africa (1902), where he attempted to justify Britain's actions ring the war.
On 2nd September, 1914, soon after the start of the First World War, the Liberal politician, Charles Masterman, the head of the War Propaganda Bureau, organised a secret meeting of Britain's leading writers. to discuss ways of best promoting Britain's interests ring the war. Those who attended to discuss the best way of promoting Britain's interests ring the war included Conan Doyle, Arnold Bennett, John Masefield, Ford Madox Ford, William Archer, G. K. Chesterton, Sir Henry Newbolt, John Galsworthy, Thomas Hardy, Rudyard Kipling, Gilbert Parker, G. M. Trevelyan and H. G. Wells.
All the writers present at the conference agreed to the utmost secrecy, and it was not until 1935 that the activities of the War Propaganda Bureau became known to the general public. Several of the men who attending the meeting agreed to write pamphlets and books that would promote the government's view of the situation.
In 1914 Conan Doyle wrote the recruiting pamphlet, To Arms!. The WPB arranged for Conan Doyle to go the Western Front and his pamphlet, A Visit to the Three Fronts was published in 1916. During the war Doyle also wrote his six volume history, The British Campaign in France and Flanders. Conan Doyle also wrote on the First World War for the Daily Chronicle.
Although fifty-five when the war Conan Doyle also joined the Crowborough Company of the Sixth Royal Sussex Volunteer Regiment and served as a private throughout the war. His son, Kingsley Conan Doyle, joined the British Army and was wounded at the Somme. He died in October, 1917, after developing pneumonia.
After the war Conan Doyle wrote several books on spiritualism including The New Revelation (1918) and The History of Spiritualism (1926). Arthur Conan Doyle died at Crowborough on 7th July 1930.
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时间：2023-10-06 05:29
Note: This commentary Sherlock Holmes memorabilia from the author Leslie S. Klinger finishing. Sherlock Holmes and Watson in part mainly based on the William S. Baring-Gould's "Sherlock Holmes of Baker Street" (1962), not because of some details of Conan Doyle's works. Year listed only some of the major study of Sherlock Holmes authorized, but not all, some are still large differences, for reference purposes only, playing the "*" that is not very precise. (Ellry compiler)
