back的过去式

1. 背
2. 后部，后面
3. 末尾
4. 背脊，脊
5. 靠背
6. 后卫，后卫球员
7. 椅背
8. 反面，里面
9. 体力
10. 甲
11. 【造船】(船的)龙骨
12. 衬垫
13. 底座

1. 向后
2. 以前，从前
3. 回原处，在原处
4. 归，还
5. 退，倒，后退地
6. 追溯，往回
7. 止住
8. 延缓
9. 回，返
10. 回复原状
11. 在后面
12. 向背面
13. 回头

1. 偏僻的
2. 过去的
3. 到期未付的，拖欠的
4. 向后的，向后动的
5. 过期的
6. 【语】舌根音的
7. 后部的，背部的，后面的
8. 边远的，边陲的
9. 回程的
10. 逆的
11. 落后的

1. 后退，倒退，退后
2. 支持
3. 打赌，下睹注于
4. 使倒退，使后退
5. 援助，赞助，帮助，资助
6. 裱褙，裱（画）
7. 背书
8. 避免（做讨厌的事）
9. 放弃
10. 逆行
11. 反（时针）转
12. 来来去去，翻来覆去
13. 给...装背衬，给...加衬里，作…的衬里
14. 装上（椅）背
15. 作的背景
16. 给...做后援
17. 怂恿
18. 【海】（风）逆时针转向
19. 伴奏，伴奏
20. 在…背后加固
21. 位于（某物）的后面，站在后面
22. 衬托
23. 背朝
24. 由于对手的差错而进入（有利地位）

1. [S]后部,反面 part or surface of an object that is furthest from the front; part that is less used, less visible or less important
2. [C]背,背部 rear part of the human body from the neck to the buttocks
3. [C]椅背 part of a chair against which a seated person's back rests; part of a garment covering the back

1. vt. & vi. (使)后退,(使)倒退 (cause to) go backward
2. vt. 支持 support

1. [A]后边的 situated behind
2. [A]过去的,过期的 of or for a past time
3. [A]迟交的,欠交的 owed for a time in the past; overdue
4. [A]后元音的 (of a vowel) formed at the back of the mouth

1. 往后,在后面 towards or at the rear; away from the front or centre
2. 控制住,忍住 under control
3. 恢复; 上溯 in an earlier position, condition or stage; into the past
4. 回报 in return

副词用法（ADVERB USES）

1.向后；往后；往回
If you moveback, you move in the opposite direction to the one in which you are facing or in which you were moving before.

e.g. The photographers drewback to let us view the body...
摄影师往后退开，好让我们查看尸体。
e.g. She steppedback from the door expectantly...
她满怀期待地从门口退了回来。

2.回到原处
If you goback somewhere, you return to where you were before.

back的翻译

e.g. I wentback to bed...
我回到床上。
e.g. I'm dueback in London by late afternoon...
我预计下午晚些时候回到伦敦。

3.恢复原状；回到原来的状态
If someone or something isback in a particular state, they were in that state before and are now in it again.

e.g. The rail company said it expected services to get slowlyback to normal...
铁路公司表示，其运输服务将慢慢恢复正常。
e.g. Denise hopes to beback at work by the time her daughter is one...
丹尼丝希望等女儿满周岁就回去工作。

4.归还；交还；放回；收回
If you give or put somethingback, you return it to the person who had it or to the place where it was before you took it. If you get or take somethingback, you then have it again after not having it for a while.

back什么意思

e.g. She handed the knifeback...
她递还刀子。
e.g. Put itback in the freezer...
把它放回冰箱。

5.（将钟表）拨回
If you put a clock or watchback, you change the time shown on it so that it shows an earlier time, for example when the time changes to winter time or standard time.

6.回应（来信、电话、目光等）
If you write or callback, you write to or telephone someone after they have written to or telephoned you. If you lookback at someone, you look at them after they have started looking at you.

back的意思

e.g. They wroteback to me and they told me that I didn't have to do it...
他们回信告诉我说不必那么做。
e.g. If the phone rings say you'll callback after dinner...
如果有电话打来，就说你吃完饭再回电话。

7.回到（某个话题）
You can say that you go or comeback to a particular point in a conversation to show that you are mentioning or discussing it again.

back

e.g. Can I comeback to the question of policing once again?...
我能再回到维护治安的问题上来吗？
e.g. To comeback to what I said in the Introduction, in the nineteenth century Spain was fully a part of Europe...
回到我在导言中所说的，19世纪的西班牙是欧洲整体的一部分。

8.再次流行；再度成为潮流
If something is or comesback, it is fashionable again after it has been unfashionable for some time.

e.g. Short skirts areback...
短裙又流行起来了。
e.g. Consensus politics could easily comeback into fashion.
共识政治很可能再度兴起。

9.在一段距离之外
If someone or something is kept or situatedback from a place, they are at a distance away from it.

back的近义词

e.g. Keepback from the edge of the platform...
请勿靠近站台边缘。
e.g. I'm a few milesback from the border...
我距离边境数英里。

10.收拢；拢起；束起
If something is held or tiedback, it is held or tied so that it does not hang loosely over something.

e.g. Her hair was tiedback...
她的头发扎了起来。
e.g. The curtains were heldback by tassels.
窗帘用穗子拢了起来。

11.（舒适地）向后仰
If you lie or sitback, you move your body backwards into a relaxed sloping or flat position, with your head and body resting on something.

e.g. She layback and stared at the ceiling...
她躺下盯着天花板。
e.g. She leanedback in her chair and smiled.
她靠在椅背上，微笑起来。

12.回头，转身（看或喊）
If you look or shoutback at someone or something, you turn to look or shout at them when they are behind you.

e.g. Nick lookedback over his shoulder and then stopped, frowning...
尼克回头看了看，又皱着眉头停了下来。
e.g. He calledback to her.
他转身叫她。

13.（表示描述场所的转换）在曾提到过的地方
You useback in expressions likeback in London orback at the house when you are giving an account, to show that you are going to start talking about what happened or was happening in the place you mention.

e.g. Meanwhile,back in London, Palace Pictures was collapsing...
与此同时，伦敦的皇宫影业公司也正在分崩离析。
e.g. Later,back at home, the telephone rang.
随后，家里的电话响了。

14.以前；过去；追溯至
If you talk about something that happenedback in the past or several yearsback, you are emphasizing that it happened quite a long time ago.

e.g. The story startsback in 1950, when I was five...
故事可以追溯到1950年，那时我才5岁。
e.g. I was in St. Luciaback in January of this year...
今年1月份我在圣卢西亚。

15.回想；回忆
If you thinkback to something that happened in the past, you remember it or try to remember it.

e.g. I thoughtback to the time in 1975 when my son was desperately ill...
我回想起1975年我儿子病得奄奄一息的那段时间。
e.g. My mind flewback to stories I had heard about Vinnie.
我回想起曾听到过的关于文妮的那些传闻。

16.来回；往返
If someone movesback and forth, they repeatedly move in one direction and then in the opposite direction.

e.g. He pacedback and forth...
他来回踱步。
e.g. Two boys were in the street, tossing a baseballback and forth.
两个男孩在街上来来回回地投接棒球。

17. to cast your mindback -> see mind

名词和形容词用法（NOUN AND ADJECTIVE USES）

1.背（部）；后背；脊背
A person's or animal'sback is the part of their body between their head and their legs that is on the opposite side to their chest and stomach.

e.g. Her son was lying peacefully on hisback...
她儿子安静地仰面躺着。
e.g. She turned herback to the audience...
她转过身背对着观众。

2.后面；后部
Theback of something is the side or part of it that is towards the rear or farthest from the front. The back of something is normally not used or seen as much as the front.

e.g. ...a room at theback of the shop...
商店后部的一个房间
e.g. She raised her hands to theback of her neck...
她举起双手放于颈后。

3.后面的；后部的
Back is used to refer to the side or part of something that is towards the rear or farthest from the front.

e.g. He opened theback door...
他打开了后门。
e.g. Ann could remember sitting in theback seat of their car.
安记得自己坐在他们车的后座上。

4.（椅子或沙发的）靠背
Theback of a chair or sofa is the part that you lean against when you sit on it.

e.g. There was a neatly folded pink sweater on theback of the chair.
椅子的靠背上搭着一件叠得整整齐齐的粉色毛衫。

5.（纸、信封等的）反面，背面
Theback of something such as a piece of paper or an envelope is the side which is less important.

e.g. Send your answers on theback of a postcard.
将答案写在明信片背面寄出。

6.（书等的）末尾
Theback of a book is the part nearest the end, where you can find the index or the notes, for example.

back什么意思

e.g. ...the index at theback of the book...
书末索引
e.g. You've given a whole list of names and addresses at theback.
你已经在末尾完整地列出了名字和地址。

7.（用于round the back, out the back等表达方式中）房屋（或其他建筑物）后的区域
You can useback in expressions such asround the back andout the back to refer generally to the area behind a house or other building.

e.g. He had chickens and things round theback...
他在房子后面养了些鸡啊什么的。
e.g. The privy's out theback.
厕所在房子后面。

8.（用于out back等表达方式中）房屋（或其他建筑物）后的区域；（用于in back等表达方式中）汽车（或建筑物等）的后部
You useback in expressions such asout back to refer to the area behind a house or other building. You also usein back to refer to the rear part of something, especially a car or building.

e.g. Dan informed her that he would be outback on the patio cleaning his shoes...
丹告诉她说他要去房子后面的露台上擦鞋。
e.g. Catlett got behind the wheel and I sat inback...
卡特利特开车，我坐在车子后面。

9.（足球、曲棍球等运动中的）后卫
In team games such as football and hockey, aback is a player who is concerned mainly with preventing the other team from scoring goals, rather than scoring goals for their own team.

10.（美式橄榄球运动中的）进攻后卫
In American football, aback is a player who stands behind the front line, runs with the ball and attacks rather than defends.

11.背着（某人）
If you say that something was donebehind someone'sback, you disapprove of it because it was done without them knowing about it, in an unfair or dishonest way.

e.g. You eat her food, enjoy her hospitality and then criticize her behind herback.
你吃着她的食物，享受着她的款待，然后还在背地里指责她。

12.完成…最困难的部分
If youbreak the back of a task or problem, you do the most difficult part of what is necessary to complete the task or solve the problem.

e.g. It seems at least that we've broken theback of inflation in this country...
看起来至少我们已经解决了这个国家通货膨胀中最棘手的问题。
e.g. We can deliver supplies and work to break theback of the famine.
我们可以运送物资，努力解决饥荒中最关键的问题。

13.接连地；连续地
If two or more things are doneback to back, one follows immediately after the other without any interruption.

e.g. ...two half-hour shows, which will be screenedback toback.
连续播放的两档半小时节目

14.（衣服）前后穿反；（顺序）前后颠倒
If you are wearing somethingback to front, you are wearing it with the back of it at the front of your body. If you do somethingback to front, you do it the wrong way around, starting with the part that should come last.

e.g. He wears his baseball capback to front...
他把棒球帽反戴着。
e.g. The picture was printedback to front.
图片印反了。

15.不再（对某人）批评（或施压等）
If you tell someone toget off yourback you are telling them angrily to stop criticizing you or putting pressure on you.

back的翻译

e.g. He kept on at me to such an extent that occasionally I wished he would get off myback.
他一直对我唠叨个没完，有时我真希望他不要再烦我了。

16.紧跟着；紧接着
If you say that one thing happenson the back of another thing, you mean that it happens after that other thing and in addition to it.

e.g. The cuts, if approved, come on theback of a difficult eight years that have seen three London fire stations closed.
8年的艰难时期刚刚过去，在此期间，伦敦有3家消防站遭关闭。如获批准，裁减又会接踵而至。

17.（使）受到威胁；（使）处于不利地位
If someone ison the back foot, or if somethingputs themon the back foot, they feel threatened and act defensively.

e.g. From now on Labour will be on theback foot on the subject of welfare.
今后工党在福利问题上将处于下风。
e.g. ...another scheme designed purely to put the Scots Nationalists on theback foot.
另一项纯粹旨在让苏格兰民族党人被迫退居守势的计划

18.互相帮助；与人方便，与己方便
People say'You scratch my back and I'll scratch yours' to mean that one person helps another on condition that the second person helps them in return.

back的反义词

19.希望（某人）离开
If you say that you will beglad to see the back of someone, you mean that you want them to leave.

back

e.g. I was so badly behaved I was convinced she would be glad to see theback of me.
我的表现如此差劲，相信她会很高兴看到我离开。

20.忽略；背弃；拒绝；对…不予理睬
If youturn yourback on someone or something, you ignore them, leave them, or reject them.

e.g. Stacey Lattisaw has turned herback on her singing career with Motown Records to become a gospel singer...
斯泰茜·拉蒂索抛弃了自己在摩城唱片公司的演唱事业，成为了一名福音歌手。
e.g. Gunnell is not the sort to turn herback on someone who has coached her for 12 years.
冈内尔不是那种将指导了自己12年的教练拒之门外的人。

21.使生气；触怒；惹恼
If someone or somethingputs yourback up orgets yourback up, they annoy you.

e.g. Some food labelling practices really get myback up.
有些食物标签的贴法实在让我生气。

22. off theback of a lorry -> see lorry
to take aback seat -> see seat
to have yourback to the wall -> see wall

动词用法（VERB USES）

1.背对；背向；背朝
If a buildingbacks onto something, the back of it faces in the direction of that thing or touches the edge of that thing.

e.g. We live in a ground floor flat which backs onto a busy street...
我们住在一楼的一套公寓房里，背对着一条繁忙的街道。
e.g. His garden backs onto a school.
他的花园背朝一所学校。

2.倒（车）；倒退
When youback a car or other vehicle somewhere or when itbacks somewhere, it moves backwards.

e.g. He backed his car out of the drive...
他把车倒出了私人车道。
e.g. The train backed out of Adelaide Yard on to the Dublin-Belfast line...
火车倒出了阿德莱德调车场，开上了都柏林-贝尔法斯特线。

3.支持；资助
If youback a person or a course of action, you support them, for example by voting for them or giving them money.

back的反义词

e.g. There is a new witness toback his claim that he is a victim of mistaken identity.
有新的目击证人证明他的说法，他是被错认了。
e.g. ...if France cannot persuade all five permanent members of the Security Council toback the plan...
如果法国不能说服安理会五个常任理事国都支持该计划

4.预测…获胜；（通常指）下赌注于
If youback a particular person, team, or horse in a competition, you predict that they will win, and usually you bet money that they will win.

e.g. Roland Nilsson last night backed Sheffield Wednesday to win the UEFA Cup...
昨晚罗兰·尼尔森打赌谢菲尔德周三队会捧得欧洲联盟杯。
e.g. The horse's owner Mr Hitchins backed him at 200-1 to finish in the first three...
马的主人希钦斯先生以200比1的赔率赌它获得前三名。

5.为…伴奏（或伴唱）
If a singeris backed by a band or by other singers, they provide the musical background for the singer.

e.g. She was backed by acoustic guitar, bass and congas.
原声吉他、贝斯和康茄鼓为她伴奏。

6. see also: backing

相关词组：back awayback downback offback outback up

at the back of

支持 support

at the back of mind

在内心中 in one's thoughts, but without being of immediate or central concern

back be to the wall

处于绝境 in difficulties with no retreat

back to back

背靠背 back against back

back to front

前后颠倒 with the back placed where the front should be

back to the drawing-board

一切从头再来 restarting from the beginning

be on one's back

取笑〔烦扰〕某人 annoy, hinder or persecute sb

behind one's back

背着某人 without sb's knowledge or consent

break the back of

解决了最艰难的部分 finish the more or most difficult part of sth

get on sb's back

找某人的麻烦 persecute sb

like the back of a bus

难看的,丑陋的 ugly

like the back of one's hand

熟悉 intimately

pat on the back

对…表示赞扬 praise
pat sb/oneself on the back

It can be very embarrassing to have to listen to someone patting you on the back in public.

不得已而需要在大庭广众之下听人赞扬自己会使你很窘。

Her performance wasn't so wonderful—I don't know what cause she has to pat herself on the back.

她的表演并不怎么精彩——我不知道她有什么理由自鸣得意。

The first minutes of his speech consisted mainly of patting himself on the back.

他发言的前几分钟主要是自吹自擂。

put one's back into

竭尽全力 make a strenuous effort

stay on sb's back

纠缠 be in a tangle

turn one's back on

背弃 abandon; deliberately ignore

you scratch my back and I will scratch yours

为了与己方便而给某人以方便; 投之以桃,报之以李 you do me a favour and I will do you one in return

back away( v.+adv. )

不愿考虑 be unwilling to consider an idea
back away

The crowd backed away to let the wounded man pass through.

人群向后退,让受伤的人通过。

back away from sth

The child backed away from the fierce dog.

那孩子害怕那只恶狗,直往后退。

back away from sth

I could see she was backing away from the idea.

我看得出来她不愿考虑这一意见。

back down ( v. + adv. )

退让,退回去,撤销(要求等) accept defeat in an argument, opinion, or claim; admit that one was wrong
back down

I saw that she was right, so I had to back down.

我看到她是正确的,所以我只好放弃原来的主张。

back into( v. + prep. )

(使)倒进… (cause to) move back into sth
back into sth

Be careful when you back into the garage, the doorway is very narrow.

你把车倒入车库时要小心,门道很窄。

back sth into sth

Next you must learn how to back a car into a parking space.

下一步你应该学会如何把车倒入停车的空地。

back onto( v. + prep. )

后面是,背靠着 be near to or have at the back
back onto sth

Our house backs onto a piece of woodland.

我们的房屋后面是一块林地。

We chose this house because the garden backs onto the tennis courts.

我们选择这一住宅是因为它的花园背靠着网球场。

back out( v. + adv. )

不遵守(诺言、合同等),改变主意 fail to fulfil a promise, contract, etc.; change an idea
back out

I hope I can depend on you not to back out at the last moment.

我希望能信赖你不至于在最后关头撒手不干。

Please don't try to back out now that everything's been arranged.

既然一切都已安排妥当,请不要试图改变主意。

You said you would go; you can't back out now.

你答应要去,你不能食言啊!

back out of sth

He would like to back out of the contract, but we can't allow it.

他想取消这个合同,但是我们不能答应。

back up( v. + adv. )

复制 make a copy of
back sb/sth ⇔ up

The policeman wouldn't have believed me if you hadn't backed me up.

如果当时没有你的支持,警察是不会相信我的。

He backed up his arguments with facts.

他以事实支持自己的论点。

back sth ⇔ up

The flood water from the storm backed up the pipes.

暴雨引起的洪水堵塞了管道。

back up

You'll have to back up and turn around.

你将不得不往后退并转身。

back sth ⇔ up

Make sure you back up the disk before you turn the computer off.

在你关机之前要确定磁盘已存档。

take a back seat

居于次要的地位; 知趣靠边 adopt an inconspicuous position or role

through the back door

走后门,通过不正当的秘密途径 in an unofficial way; indirectly

answer back

参见answer条。

back and forth

来回地 from one place to another and back again repeatedly

get one's own back

报复have one's revenge

go back on one's word

参见go条。

hold back

参见hold条。

keep back

参见keep条。

pay back

参见pay条。

there and back

往返,来回 to a place and back again

电影

A：(Hurry/ Quick/ Hurry up)! The movie is comingback on.
（快/快一些/快点）！电影开始了。

B：I’m coming.
来了。

培训

A：Where have you been?
你去了哪里？

B：I just gotback from (camp/ school/ class).
我刚刚（从营地/从学校/上课）回来。

假期

B：When is this book dueback?
这本书归还期限是什么时候？

A：It’s dueback (next Tuesday/ a week from Friday/ in three days).
下星期二/星期五开始后的一个星期/三天以内。

1. back用作名词的基本意思是表示人的“背；背部”和表示某物的“后面；后部”。引申可作“椅背”“后襟”等解。用于球类运动则指“后卫”。
2. back作“后面”“背面”“反面”解时用单数形式,其前须加定冠词the。在表示较近的“后面,背面”时用on the back of；在表示较远的“后面”时用at the back of(范围之外)或in the back of(范围之内)，在美式英语中at〔in〕可省略。

1. back的基本意思是“(使)后退”,指某人或某物回到原来的位置或状态。有时引申可表示“支持”,即“作后盾”。
2. back可用作及物动词或不及物动词,用作及物动词时接名词或代词作简单宾语。

1. back表示位置或方向时意思是“后面的,往后的”。也可表示时间作“过去的,过期的”“迟交的,欠交的”解,在句中只用作定语。
2. back在语音学中也可作“后元音的”解。
3. back在句中只用作定语,不用于比较等级。

1. back用作副词的基本意思是“往后,在后面”,也可引申表示“忍住”“恢复”或“上溯”。
2. back常修饰动态动词(如不及物动词go, come, get,及物动词bring, get, take等),在句中作状语,也可用作表语。
3. back和be连用可引申表示“恢复”; back和beat, hit, fight等动词连用可表示“打退”。
4. back作“来回；向后”解时一般不与turn连用。
5. 注意如果动词本身已经表达了“相反动作”的意思,就不能再用back。
6. back用作副词时不用于比较等级。

2. again同back的意思相近，但用法不同：back与动词连用时，作为副词，常指退回到前一个状态，或是从与之前相反的状态返回去，而again不可这样用。again与动词连用时，表示“重复，再一次”。注意sell back和sell again的不同，前者是卖回给同一个人，后者是再次卖，卖给不同的人。当动词本身指“退回，返回”的意思时，不可再用back，而可以用again加强“退回，返回”的意思。在副词+动词+介词结构中，back和again都表示“回到上一状态”。

   Give me my watch back.(NOT Give me my watch again.)

   Can you play it again?

   The bike you sold me is too small.
   If we buy this house and then have to move somewhere else, how easy will it be to sell it again?

   Stefan can never return to his country (again).

   I stood up, and then I sat (back) down (again).

3. back可以用在动词和主语之间，而again则不可以。

   Take back your money.
   Count the money again, please.(NOT Count again the money.)

4. back and forth，backwards and forwards以及to and fro意思相似，美国人常用第一种表达方式，而英国人习惯用后两种表达方式；
5. back of同in back of有“在……后面”的意思，美国人常用，前者比后者使用普遍；
6. back有时指“拖欠着的”，常见的搭配有back pay/salary（欠薪），back rent（欠租），back taxes（欠税）等；
7. 注意as far back as the fifteenth century中第2个as后没有in。