www.ti.com bq2083-V1P2SLUS573A − JULY 2003 − REVISED NOVEMBER 2003SBSĆCOMPLIANT GAS GAUGE IC FOR USE WITH THE bq29311FEATURESDProvides Accurate Measurement of AvailableDDDDrives 3-, 4-, or 5-Segment LED Display forDRemaining Capacity Indication38-Pin TSSOP (DBT)DDDDDCharge in Li-Ion and Li-Polymer BatteriesSupports the Smart Battery Specification(SBS) V1.1Works With the TI bq29311 Analog Front End(AFE) Protection IC to Provide Complete PackElectronics for 10.8-V or 14.4-V Battery PacksWith Few External ComponentsBased on a Powerful Low-Power RISC CPUCore With High-Performance PeripheralsIntegrated Flash Memory Eliminates the Needfor External Configuration EEPROMMeasures Charge Flow Using a HighResolution 16-Bit Integrating Converter− Better Than 3-nVh of Resolution− Self-Calibrating− Offset Error Less Than 1-µVUses 16-Bit Delta Sigma Converter forAccurate Voltage and TemperatureMeasurementsProgrammable Cell Modeling for MaximumBattery Fuel Gauge AccuracyAPPLICATIONSDNotebook PCsDMedical and Test EquipmentDPortable Instrumentation DESCRIPTIONThe bq2083−V1P2 SBS-compliant gas gauge IC forbattery pack or in-system installation maintains anaccurate record of available charge in Li-ion or Li-polymerbatteries. The bq2083−V1P2 monitors capacity and othercritical parameters of the battery pack and reports theinformation to the system host controller over a serialcommunication bus. It is designed to work with thebq29311 analog front-end (AFE) protection IC to maximizefunctionality and safety and minimize component countand cost in smart battery circuits. Using information fromthe bq2083−V1P2, the host controller can manageremaining battery power to extend the system run time asmuch as possible.BLOCK DIAGRAMPack+Charge/DischargePower FETsSupply VoltageSMBusLDObq29311bq2083−V1P2GluelessInterfaceCell InputsSafety ControlLevelTranslator+−+Li-Ion−Cells+−TempSensor512 BytesConfig.FlashEPROMADCVoltageIntegratingADCCoulombCountingSenseResistor(10 mΩ - 20 mΩ)Pack−Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of TexasInstrumentssemiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.PRODUCTION DATA information is current as of publication date. Productsconform to specifications per the terms of Texas Instruments standard warranty.Production processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters.Copyright 2003, Texas Instruments Incorporatedhttp://oneic.com/bq2083-V1P2SLUS573A − JULY 2003 − REVISED NOVEMBER 2003www.ti.comDESCRIPTION (CONTINUED)The bq2083−V1P2 uses an integrating converter withcontinuous sampling for the measurement of batterycharge and discharge currents. Optimized for coulombcounting in portable applications, the self-calibratingintegrating converter has a resolution better than 3-nVhand an offset measurement error of less than 1-µV(typical). For voltage and temperature reporting, thebq2083−V1P2 uses a 16-bit A-to-D converter. Inconjunction with the bq29311, the onboard ADC alsomonitors individual cell voltages in a battery pack andallows the bq2083−V1P2 to generate the control signalsnecessary to implement the cell balancing and therequired safety protection for Li-ion and Li-polymer batterychemistries.The bq2083−V1P2 supports the Smart Battery Data(SBData) commands and charge-control functions. Itcommunicates data using the System Management Bus(SMBus) 2-wire protocol. The data available include thebattery’s remaining capacity, temperature, voltage,current, and remaining run-time predictions. Thebq2083−V1P2 provides LED drivers and a push-buttoninput to depict remaining battery capacity from full to emptyin 20%, 25%, or 33% increments with a 3-, 4-, or5-segment display.The bq2083−V1P2 contains 512 bytes of internal dataflash memory, which store configuration information. Theinformation includes nominal capacity and voltage,self-discharge rate, rate compensation factors, and otherprogrammable cell-modeling factors used to accuratelyadjust remaining capacity for use-conditions based ontime, rate, and temperature. The bq2083−V1P2 alsoautomatically calibrates or learns the true battery capacityin the course of a discharge cycle from programmable nearfull to near empty levels.The bq29311 AFE protection IC provides power to thebq2083−V1P2 from a 3 or 4 series Li-ion cell stack,eliminating the need for an external regulator circuit.TSSOP PACKAGE(TOP VIEW)VINTSOCN/CN/CSCLKN/CVDDDRBISDATAVSSDSAFEN/CN/CSMBCSMBDDISPEVENTVSSD1234 567891011121314151617181938373635343332313029282726252423222120VSSDN/CN/CCLKOUTXCK1XCK2FILTVDDAVSSAVSSASR1SR2MRSTN/CLED1LED2LED3LED4LED5NC − No internal connectionAVAILABLE OPTIONSTA−20°C to 85°CPACKAGE38-PIN TSSOP(DBT)(1)bq2083DBT−V1P2(1)The bq2083−V1P2 is available taped and reeled. Insert an R suffixto the device type (e.g., bq2083DBTR−V1P2) to order tape and reelversion.2http://oneic.com/www.ti.combq2083-V1P2SLUS573A − JULY 2003 − REVISED NOVEMBER 2003Terminal FunctionsTERMINALNAMECLKOUTDISPFILTEVENTLED1LED2LED3LED4LED5MRSTN/COCRBISAFESCLKSDATASMBCSMBDSR1SR2TSVDDAVDDDVINVSSAVSSDXCK1XCK2No.351732182423222120264, 5, 7, 13,14, 25, 36, 373912610151628272318129, 3011, 19, 383433I/OIIIIOOOOOI−IIOOI/OI/OI/OIIIIIIIIIOMaster reset input that forces the device into reset when held highNo connectionAnalog input for auto ADC offset compensation; should be connected to VSSARegister backup that provides backup potential to the bq2083−V1P2 data registers during periods of lowoperating voltage. RBI accepts a storage capacitor or a battery input.Output for additional level of safety protection; e.g., fuse blow.Communication clock to the bq29311Data transfer to and from bq29311SMBus clock open-drain bidirectional pin used to clock the data transfer to and from the bq2083−V1P2SMBus data open-drain bidirectional pin used to transfer address and data to and from the bq2083−V1P2Connections for a small-value sense resistor to monitor the battery charge- and discharge-current flowThermistor voltage input connection to monitor temperaturePositive supply for analog circuitryPositive supply for digital circuitry and I/O pinsSingle cell voltage input from the bq29311Negative supply for analog circuitryNegative supply for digital circuitry32.768 kHz crystal oscillator input pin32.768 kHz crystal oscillator output pinLED display segments that each may drive an external LED32.768-kHz output to the bq29311Display control for the LED drivers LED1 through LED5Analog input connected to the external PLL filterInput from bq29311 XALERT outputDESCRIPTION3http://oneic.com/bq2083-V1P2SLUS573A − JULY 2003 − REVISED NOVEMBER 2003www.ti.comABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGSover operating free-air temperature range unless otherwise noted(1)UNITSupply voltage range, VDD relative to VSS(2)Open-drain I/O pins, V(IOD) relative to VSS(2)Input voltage range to all other pins, VI relative to VSS(2)HBMESDS RatingCDMMMOperating free-air temperature range, TAStorage temperature range, Tstg−0.3 V to 6 V−0.3 V to 6 V−0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V1.5 kV1.5 kV50 V−20°C to 85°C−65°C to 150°C(1)Stresses beyond those listed under “absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, andfunctional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “recommended operating conditions” is notimplied. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.(2)VSS refers to the common node of V(SSA), V(SSD), and V(SSP).ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICSVDD = 3.0 V to 3.6 V, TA = −20°C to 85°C (unless otherwise noted)PARAMETERVDDIDDV(OLS)VILVIHVOLV(ILS)V(IHS)V(AI)Z(AI1)Z(AI2)Supply voltageOperating currentOutput voltage low: (LED1−LED5)Input voltage low DISPInput voltage high DISPOutput voltage low SMBC, SMBD, SDATA, SCLK,EVENT, SAFEInput voltage low SMBC, SMBD, SDATA, SCLK,EVENT, SAFEInput voltage high SMBC, SMBD, SDATA, SCLK,EVENT, SAFEInput voltage range VIN, TS, OCInput impedance SR1, SR2Input impedance VIN, TS, OC0 V–1.0 V0 V–1.0 VIOL = 10 mA−0.31.7VSS − 0.3108TEST CONDITIONSVDDA and VDDDNo flash programmingI(OLS) = 10 mA−0.32MIN3.0TYP3.34500.40.8VCC + 0.30.40.861.0MAX3.6UNITVµAVVVVVVVMΩMΩPower-On Reset (see Figure 1)PARAMETERVIT−VhysNegative-going voltage inputPower-on reset hysteresisTEST CONDITIONSMIN2.150TYP2.3125MAX2.5210UNITVmV4http://oneic.com/www.ti.combq2083-V1P2SLUS573A − JULY 2003 − REVISED NOVEMBER 2003POR BEHAVIORvsFREE-AIR TEMPERATUREVIT−− Negative-Going Input Threshold Voltage − V2.502.452.40VIT−2.352.302.252.202.152.10−20Vhys135130125120115110150145140Vhys− Hysteresis Voltage − mVMIN–0.310.003%0.009%−5102540557085TA − Free-Air Temperature − °CFigure 1INTEGRATING ADC CHARACTERISTICSVDD = 3.0 V to 3.6 V, TA = −20°C to 85°C (unless otherwise noted)PARAMETERV(SR)V(SROS)INLInput voltage range, V(SR2) and V(SR1)Input offsetIntegral nonlinearity errorTEST CONDITIONSVSR = V(SR2) – V(SR1)TYPMAX1.0 UNITVµVPLL SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICSVDD = 3.0 V to 3.6 V, TA = −20°C to 85°C (unless otherwise noted)PARAMETERt(sp)Start-up time (see Note 1)(1)The frequency error is measured from 32.768 Hz.TEST CONDITIONS±0.5% frequency errorMINTYP2MAX5UNITmsExternal OscillatorVDD = 3.0 V to 3.6 V, TA = −20°C to 85°C (unless otherwise noted)PARAMETERf(exo)Frequency error (see Note 1)TEST CONDITIONSVDD = 3.3 VMIN−0.025%−1%TYPMAX0.025%1%275µsUNITf(sxo)Start-up time (see Note 2)(1)The frequency error is measured from 32.768 Hz.(2)The start-up time is defined as the time it takes for the oscillator output frequency to be ±1%.5http://oneic.com/bq2083-V1P2SLUS573A − JULY 2003 − REVISED NOVEMBER 2003www.ti.comSMBUS TIMING SPECIFICATIONSVDD = 3.0 V to 3.6 V, TA = −20°C to 85°C (unless otherwise noted)PARAMETERfSMBfMAStBUFthd(STA)tsu(STA)tsu(STO)thd(DAT)tsu(DAT)tTIMEOUTtlowthightlow(SEXT)tlow(MEXT)SMBus operating frequencySMBus master clock frequencyBus free time between start and stopHold time after (repeated) startRepeated start setup timeStop setup timeData hold timeData setup timeError signal/detectClock low periodClock high periodCumulative clock low slave extend timeCumulative clock low master extend timeSee Note 2See Note 3See Note 4See Note 1Receive modeTransmit modeTEST CONDITIONSSlave mode, SMBC 50% duty cycleMaster mode, no clock low slave extend4.74.04.74.00300250254.74.050251035MIN1051.2TYPMAX100UNITkHzkHzµsµsµsµsnsnsmsµsµsmsmstfClock/data fall timeSee Note 5300nstrClock/data rise timeSee Note 61000ns(1)The bq2083−V1P2 times out when any clock low exceeds tTIMEOUT(2)thigh Max. is minimum bus idle time. SMBC = 1 for t > 50 µs causes reset of any transaction involving bq2083−V1P2 that is in progress.(3)tlow(SEXT) is the cumulative time a slave device is allowed to extend the clock cycles in one message from initial start to the stop.(4)tlow(MEXT) is the cumulative time a master device is allowed to extend the clock cycles in one message from initial start to the stop.(5)Rise time tr = (VILMAX − 0.15 V) to (VIHMIN + 0.15 V).(6)Fall time tf = 0.9 VDD to (VILMAX − 0.15 V).DATA FLASH MEMORY SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICSVDD = 3.0 V to 3.6 V, TA = −20°C to 85°C (unless otherwise noted)PARAMETERt(RETENSION)t(WORDPROG)Data retentionFlash programming write-cyclesWord programming timeTEST CONDITIONSSee Note 1See Note 1See Note 1See Note 114MIN10105216TYPMAXUNITYearsCyclesmsmAI(DDPROG)Flash-write supply current(1)Specified by design. Not production tested.Register BackupPARAMETERI(RBI)RBI data-retention input current (see Note 1)V(RBI)RBI data-retention voltage(1)Specified by design. Not production tested.TEST CONDITIONSVRB > 3.0 V, VDD < VIT1.3MINTYP10MAX100UNITnAV6http://oneic.com/www.ti.combq2083-V1P2SLUS573A − JULY 2003 − REVISED NOVEMBER 2003SMBUS TIMING DIAGRAMSSCLKtlowtrtfthd(STA)thd(STA)thd(DAT)SDATAtBUFPSStartthightsu(STA)tsu(DAT)tsu(STO)SStoptlow(SEXT)SCLKACK(1)SCLKACK(1)tlow(MEXT)tlow(MEXT)SCLKPtlow(MEXT)SDATA(1)SCLKACK is the acknowledge-related clock pulse generated by the master.Figure 2. SMBus Timing Diagram7http://oneic.com/bq2083-V1P2SLUS573A − JULY 2003 − REVISED NOVEMBER 2003www.ti.comFUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTIONGeneral OperationThe bq2083−V1P2 determines battery capacity by monitoring the amount of charge input or removed from arechargeable battery. In addition to measuring charge and discharge, the bq2083−V1P2 measures battery voltage,temperature, and current, estimates battery self-discharge, and monitors the battery for low-voltage thresholds. Thebq2083−V1P2 measures charge and discharge activity by monitoring the voltage across a small-value series senseresistor between the battery’s negative terminal and the negative terminal of the battery pack. The available batterycharge is determined by monitoring this voltage and correcting the measurement for environmental and operatingconditions.The bq2083−V1P2 interfaces with the bq29311 to perform battery protection, cell balancing and voltage translationfunctions.The bq2083−V1P2 can accept any NTC thermistor (default is Semitec 103AT) for temperature measurement or canbe configured to use its internal temperature sensor. The bq2083−V1P2 uses temperature to monitor the battery packand to compensate the self-discharge estimate.MeasurementsThe bq2083−V1P2 uses an integrating sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for current measurement anda second sigma delta ADC for battery voltage and temperature measurement. Voltage, current, and temperaturemeasurements are made every second.Charge and Discharge CountingThe integrating ADC measures the charge and discharge flow of the battery by monitoring a small-value senseresistor between the SR1 and SR2 pins as shown in the schematic. The integrating ADC measures bipolar signalsfrom −0.3 to 1.0 V. The bq2083−V1P2 detects charge activity when VSR = V(SR1)–V(SR2) is positive and dischargeactivity when VSR = V(SR1)–V(SR2) is negative. The bq2083−V1P2 continuously integrates the signal over time, usingan internal counter. The fundamental rate of the counter is 2.6 nVh. The bq2083−V1P2 updates RemainingCapacity() with the charge or discharge accumulated in this internal counter once every second.Offset CalibrationThe bq2083−V1P2 provides an autocalibration feature to cancel the voltage offset error across SR1 and SR2 formaximum charge measurement accuracy. The bq2083−V1P2 performs autocalibration when the SMBus lines staylow for a minimum of 20 s. The bq2083−V1P2 is capable of automatic offset calibration down to 1µV.Digital FilterThe bq2083−V1P2 does not measure charge or discharge counts below the digital filter threshold. The digital filterthreshold is programmed in the Digital Filter DF 0x2b and should be set sufficiently high to prevent false signaldetection with no charge or discharge flowing through the sense resistor.VoltageWhile monitoring SR1 and SR2 for charge and discharge currents, the bq2083−V1P2 monitors the individual seriescell voltages through the bq29311. The bq2083−V1P2 configures the bq29311 to present the selected cell to theVCELL pin of the bq29311 which should be connected to VIN of the bq2083−V1P2. The internal ADC of thebq2083−V1P2 then measures the voltage and scales it appropriately. The bq2083−V1P2 then reports the Voltage()and the individual cell voltages in VCELL1, VCELL2, VCELL3, and VCELL4 located in 0x3c−0x3f.CurrentThe bq2083−V1P2 uses the SR1 and SR2 inputs to measure and calculate the battery charge and discharge currentas represented in the data register Current().TemperatureThe TS input of the bq2083−V1P2 in conjunction with an NTC thermistor measures the battery temperature as shownin the schematic. The bq2083−V1P2 reports temperature in Temperature().The bq2083−V1P2 can also be configured to use its internal temperature sensor by setting the IT bit in MiscConfiguration DF 0x2a. Data flash locations DF 0xa4 through DF 0xad also have to be changed to prescribed valuesif the internal temperature sensor option is selected.8http://oneic.com/www.ti.combq2083-V1P2SLUS573A − JULY 2003 − REVISED NOVEMBER 2003Gas Gauge OperationTable 1. Data Flash Settings for Internal or External Temperature SensorLABELMisc. ConfigTS Const1 A3TS Const2 A2TS Const3 A1TS Const4 A0Min Temp ADMax TempLOCATIONDec (Hex)42 (0x2a)164/5 (0xa4/5)166/7 (0xa6/7)168/9 (0xa8/9)170/1 (0xaa/b)172/3 (0xac/d)174/5 (0xae/f)INTERNAL TEMP SENSOR SETTINGDec (Hex)Bit 7 = 10 (0x0000)0 (0x0000)−11136 (0xd480)5734 (0x1666)0 (0x0000)5734 (0x1666)EXTERNAL TEMP SENSOR SETTINGDec (Hex)Bit 7 = 0−28285 (0x9183)20848 (0x5170)−7537 (0xe28f)4012 (0x0fac)0 (0x000)4012 (0x0fac)If AD < Min Temp AD then Temp = Max TempelseTemp = ((A3× AD × 2^−16 +A2)× AD × 2^−16 + A1)× AD × 2^−16 + A0)GeneralThe operational overview in Figure 3 illustrates the gas gauge operation of the bq2083−V1P2. Table 3 describes thebq2083−V1P2 registers.InputsChargeCurrentBattery ElectronicsLoad EstimateDischargeCurrentSelf-DischargeTimerChargeEfficiencyCompensationTemperatureCompensation−−−+++Main Counters andCapacity Reference (FCC)Remaining+Capacity(RM)≤FullChargeCapacity(FCC)QualifiedTransferDischargeCountRegister(DCR)Temperature, Other DataOutputsChip-ControlledAvailable ChargeLED DisplayTwo-WireSerial PortFigure 3. bq2083−V1P2 Operational OverviewThe bq2083−V1P2 accumulates a measure of charge and discharge currents and estimates self-discharge of thebattery. The bq2083−V1P2 compensates the charge current measurement for temperature and state-of-charge ofthe battery. The bq2083−V1P2 also adjusts the self-discharge estimation based on temperature.9http://oneic.com/bq2083-V1P2SLUS573A − JULY 2003 − REVISED NOVEMBER 2003www.ti.comThe main charge counter RemainingCapacity() (RM) represents the available capacity or energy in the battery atany given time. The bq2083−V1P2 adjusts RM for charge, self-discharge, and other compensation factors. Theinformation in the RM register is accessible through the SMBus interface and is also represented through the LEDdisplay.The FullChargeCapacity() (FCC) register represents the last measured full discharge of the battery. It is used asthe battery full-charge reference for relative capacity indication. The bq2083−V1P2 updates FCC after the batteryundergoes a qualified discharge from nearly full to a low battery level. FCC is accessible through the SMBus interface.The Discharge Count Register (DCR) is a non-accessible register that tracks discharge of the battery. Thebq2083−V1P2 uses the DCR register to update the FCC register if the battery undergoes a qualified discharge fromnearly full to a low battery level. In this way, the bq2083−V1P2 learns the true discharge capacity of the battery undersystem use conditions.Main Gas-Gauge RegistersThe gas-gauge register functions are described in Table 3.RemainingCapacity() (RM)RM represents the remaining capacity in the battery. The bq2083−V1P2 computes RM in units of either mAh or 10mWh depending on the selected mode. See Battery Mode() (0x03) for units configuration.RM counts up during charge to a maximum value of FCC and down during discharge and self-discharge to a minimumof 0. In addition to charge and self-discharge compensation, the bq2083−V1P2 calibrates RM at threelow-battery-voltage thresholds, EDV2, EDV1, and EDV0 and three programmable midrange thresholds VOC25,VOC50, and VOC75. This provides a voltage-based calibration to the RM counter.DesignCapacity() (DC)The DC is the user-specified battery full capacity. It is calculated from Pack Capacity DF 0x31-0x32 and isrepresented in units of mAh or 10 mWh. It also represents the full-battery reference for the absolute display mode.FullChargeCapacity() (FCC)FCC is the last measured discharge capacity of the battery. It is represented in units of either mAh or 10 mWh,depending on the selected mode. On initialization, the bq2083−V1P2 sets FCC to the value stored in Last MeasuredDischarge DF 0x35-0x36. During subsequent discharges, the bq2083−V1P2 updates FCC with the last measureddischarge capacity of the battery. The last measured discharge of the battery is based on the value in the DCR registerafter a qualified discharge occurs. Once updated, the bq2083−V1P2 writes the new FCC value to data flash in mAhto Last Measured Discharge. FCC represents the full battery reference for the relative display mode and relative stateof charge calculations.Discharge Count Register (DCR)The DCR register counts up during discharge, independent of RM. DCR counts discharge activity, battery loadestimation, and self-discharge increment. The bq2083−V1P2 initializes DCR, at the beginning of a discharge, to FCC− RM when RM is within the programmed value in Near Full DF 0x2f. The DCR initial value of FCC − RM is reducedby FCC/128 if SC = 1 (bit 5 in Gauge Configuration) and is not reduced if SC = 0. DCR stops counting when the batteryvoltage reaches the EDV2 threshold on discharge.Capacity learning (FCC Update) and Qualified DischargeThe bq2083−V1P2 updates FCC with an amount based on the value in DCR if a qualified discharge occurs. The newvalue for FCC equals the DCR value plus the programmable nearly full and low battery levels, according to thefollowing equation:FCC(new)+DCR(final)+DCR(initial))MeasuredDischargetoEDV2)(FCC BatteryLow%)(1)Battery Low % = (value stored in DF 0x2e) ÷ 2.56A qualified discharge occurs if the battery discharges from RM ≥ FCC − Near Full to the EDV2 voltage threshold withthe following conditions:DNo valid charge activity occurs during the discharge period. A valid charge is defined as a charge of 10 mAh intothe battery.10http://oneic.com/
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